The test is used to collect data on aspects of basic knowledge. ![]() Observations were used to collect data on technical skills and work attitudes. Data collection is done by observation and tests. The population of this study were students of the Mechanical Engineering Expertise Program. In the explanation method in this study, the teacher explains how the machine works verbally, while in the demonstration method, the teacher demonstrates how the machine works and operates it, followed by student activities practising it again in the machine laboratory. This study used a control group with an explanation method and an experimental group with a demonstration method. The experimental design used was a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. This research is quasi-experimental research with a quantitative approach. This study aims to determine the effect of integrated vocational guidance on student work readiness in Vocational High Schools. Many educators only use the explanation method in vocational guidance, and do not fully use the demonstration method of learning machining practices related to how to work, how to behave in the workplace, and how to comply with regulations in the workplace, this causes many graduates who only have minimal competence, so they are not according to industry standards. Organizing education containing three aspects of work readiness (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) is challenging for educators. ![]() The paper concludes with five recommendations for using observation to advance the state of research on creativity and education.Ģ1st Century Learning shifts the learning paradigm to change the way of learning and teaching. Thirty‐seven articles from 1980–2018 were reviewed along seven dimensions: definition of creativity, unit of observation, observer role, observation sampling method, research design, data collection, and data analysis. However, observation remains underutilized in the field of creativity studies, partly because data collection can be time and resource intensive, but also because there are a lack of protocols and recommended research practices for observing creative thinking and problem solving in an educational environment that covers all phases of design, collection, analysis, and reporting. ![]() Observation is an empirical research method used in quantitative and qualitative naturalistic studies focused on understanding behavior and interactions as they unfold in real‐time, which makes it particularly salient for examining the processes associated with the generation and adoption of creative ideas. This paper reports on an integrative literature review of published articles that used either quantitative or qualitative observation methods to research creativity in learning contexts.
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